What is the underwater movement of water caused by wave action called?

The underwater movement of water caused by wave action is referred to as surge. Surge occurs when waves break and cause water to oscillate back and forth in a more pronounced and powerful manner, particularly near shorelines. This movement can create strong currents that can be felt even underwater as the water is pushed and pulled by the energy of the waves. Surge is often observed in areas with breaking waves, such as rocky shores or coral reefs, where the energy of the surf can significantly impact divers and marine life.

Other terms such as current refer to the continuous flow of water in a particular direction, often influenced by tides, wind, or water temperature, and are not specifically caused by wave action alone. Ripples typically indicate smaller, less impactful movements on the water's surface, while waves denote the larger undulating surface movements seen in open water rather than the specific, localized underwater motion created by waves breaking.