Which condition is characterized by air trapped around the heart?

Mediastinal emphysema is characterized by the presence of air in the mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity that houses the heart, major blood vessels, trachea, and esophagus. When air enters this area, it can exert pressure on the heart and other vital structures, potentially leading to significant complications. The condition often results from trauma, such as rib fractures, or from medical procedures that inadvertently allow air to escape into the mediastinal space.

Understanding this condition is crucial for divers, as increased lung expansion and certain injuries may lead to air being forced into areas where it should not be. Awareness of mediastinal emphysema can aid in early recognition and timely intervention, which is vital for managing any related health issues that may arise during or after diving activities.