Which pressure-related injury involves leakage of air into the mediastinal space?

The condition that involves leakage of air into the mediastinal space is known as mediastinal emphysema. This occurs when air from the lungs or tracheobronchial tree escapes and accumulates in the mediastinum, the central compartment in the thoracic cavity. This condition typically arises due to trauma, such as a sudden or forceful impact, which can cause a tear in the airways or lungs.

Recognizing mediastinal emphysema is crucial because it can lead to serious complications, including respiratory distress and potential cardiovascular issues. The presence of air in the mediastinum can also result in symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and possibly a feeling of tightness in the chest.

Understanding this condition helps divers and medical professionals alike appreciate the potential effects of pressure changes during diving and the necessity for rapid diagnosis and treatment should this injury occur.